To the President of the European Parliament & Members of the ITRE Committee<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To Teresa Ribera Spanish minister for the ecological transition and the demographic challenge &<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Permanent Representatives of the member States of the Council of Europe<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To the President of the European Commission & the College of Commissioners<\/p>\n\n\n\n
via email<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Dear President Metsola and Members of the ITRE Committee,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dear Minister Ribera and Permanent Representatives of the member States of the Council of Europe,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dear President von der Leyen and Commissioners,<\/p>\n\n\n\n The signatories of this letter are grassroots and civil society organizations, movements, recognized Indigenous Peoples in the European Union and beyond, local community groups, academics and experts. We have direct experience in assessing the true and often hidden costs of mining including its impacts on people, the environment, good governance and the rule of law. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Due to the serious shortcomings outlined below, we request the withdrawal of the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA). We reject the misleading policies at its base including its failure to understand the implications of corruption, the absence of communities\u2019 Right to Say \u2018No\u2019 and of rights of nature as well as its legitimisation and support of manipulative \u201csocial acceptance\u201d and mining certification schemes that breach fundamental citizens\u2019 rights and research ethics.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Instead we demand environmental and climate policies that reduce raw materials demand, energy use and faulty land management schemes. Increasing mining by breaching fundamental rights, even for the \u2018environment\u2019 or to \u2018mitigate climate change\u2019, will only worsen climate and ecological conditions and social conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Act does not address corruption, which is known to be endemic to mining<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Across the world, undue influence of mining led to an erosion of the quality of governance; spreading corruption and accentuating local power asymmetries. Governments wrongly merge the interests of mining corporations with those of the general public. Meanwhile this forfeits real mitigation pathways for climate change and the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The recent news in Portugal, where several companies, high-ranking politicians, and public entities are being investigated for alleged corruption related to the attribution of two lithium concessions, led to the resignation of the Prime Minister Ant\u00f3nio Costa. Savannah Resources and Lusorecursos, the owners of the two concessions, will no longer participate in the Raw Materials Week <\/em>2023 (RMW).[i]<\/sup><\/a> The investigation has brought political uncertainty and instability to the country and illustrates that Europe is not immune to the all too present connection between mining and corruption. This is not an exception – across the EU there exist countless cases of corruption and misconduct related to mining, even if they have rarely been brought to justice or received due public attention.[ii]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Purporting mining as a \u2018climate solution\u2019 and mining companies as \u2018climate champions\u2019, the CRMA will waterdown laws, fast track procedures and inject billions of taxpayers euros into speculative and reckless mining. For so-called \u2018strategic\u2019 raw materials (copper, lithium, nickel etc.), the CRMA foresees fast permitting by limiting public consultation periods and shortening the time citizens have for a fair trial to defend their rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n This runs against human and environmental rights such as the right to public participation in decision making on environmental matters and the right to access justice. Other fundamental rights, including the right to housing, are breached in areas where new mines involve forced evictions, while eroding our food sovereignty and the rights of farmers, peasants and other people working in rural areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The CRMA will not only extend bad governance <\/strong>across Europe, but exacerbate it globally by allowing the designation of strategic projects outside of the EU, including on Indigenous lands. EU institutions have refused to modify the CRMA[iii]<\/sup><\/a> to include legally binding Free Prior and Informed Consent mechanisms. This is in breach of international conventions on Indigenous Rights. The S\u00e1mi people of the S\u00e1pmi region in Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia are recognized Indigenous Peoples in the European Union, and mining causes irreparable damage to their way of life.[iv]<\/sup><\/a> We need regulations that offer legally binding protection to Indigenous Nations and legalize the Right to Say \u2018No\u2019. We do not need tokenistic advisory roles for communities impacted by mining inside and outside the EU’s borders. <\/p>\n\n\n\n A \u201cSocial license\u201d to harm, destroy and violate European fundamental rights and ethics<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n There is nothing socially acceptable about the scramble for raw materials. Many of us are directly affected by environmental and social non-compliance of the extractive sector. We have never given any company the permission to extract or explore in our communities or to transform our lands into sacrifice zones<\/strong> in the name of perpetual economic growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We reject policy proposals that seek to manage resistance through \u201cfacilitat[ing] public acceptance\u201d (CRMA) or by industry-coined procedures to gain a social license to operate<\/em><\/strong> (SLO). If not backed by Free, Prior and Informed Consent dialogue at community level, we consider \u201csocial licensing\u201d and any related influence on public perceptions by public authorities or corporations, a procedural euphemism for social engineering<\/strong> and \u2018soft\u2019 counter-insurgency. They only serve to brush off legitimate objections to instances of corruption, or projects that fail to comply with environmental and labor laws. A subgroup on public acceptance that is part of the CRMA\u2019s Critical Raw Materials Board is insufficient. It does not resolve the violation of citizens\u2019 rights impacted by Strategic Projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Commission\u2019s goal of \u201c[c]hanging public opposition to passive tolerance or active support\u201d runs against European ideals of democratic participation.[v]<\/sup><\/a> It will erode the public\u2019s trust in the European project by diminishing efforts made toward a just and sustainable future for all. We refuse a law that promotes passive tolerance to socio-environmental harm, corruption and labor abuse, which existing public funding schemes are already reinforcing. The Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) and Horizon Europe (2021-2027) programmes contain at least 25 projects with a total budget of \u20ac181M which include deliverables that seek to organize public acceptance for extractive projects in member states and beyond.[vi]<\/sup><\/a> These misleading publicly funded initiatives refuse scrutiny by the very public they intend to influence. There is a need for an inquiry into the Commission\u2019s research requirement to \u201cimpact[ing] public awareness and acceptance and trust in mining operation.\u201d[vii]<\/sup><\/a> The signatories of this letter consider the Commission\u2019s funding and the participation of public authorities\u2019 in such applied research an illicit interference on the opinion of individuals, and a violation of article 11, section 1, of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR) and article 10, section 1, of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Furthermore, the ethics management and board of at least one Horizon Europe project does not fulfill the ethical standards set out for the Horizon Europe Framework Programme.[viii]<\/sup><\/a> Thus, the signatories ask the Commission for an independent assessment of the 25 projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The EU invested millions of taxpayer euros into research on how to generate \u201csocial acceptability\u201d for mining operations, some of which proved to be involved in criminal activities. For example, in 2016 three executives from the Cobre Las Cruces copper mine in Spain were sentenced to a year in prison and fined 293,000 euro for environmental crimes after polluting Seville\u2019s aquifer with arsenic.[ix]<\/sup><\/a> Since then the company has been repeatedly fined for damages to water bodies, yet it was awarded a 26,7 million euro subsidy and has benefited from half a dozen Research Projects under the Framework Programmes worth millions of euros.[x]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Social acceptability efforts violate democratic regulations and due process. They generate misinformation, and obstruct transparency. They hinder the possibility of legal action against non-compliance with environmental, administrative or labor laws. And social acceptability efforts advance corruption.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Europe\u2019s mining regulations are dangerously obsolete<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n With statements such as mining \u201cin the EU is subject to the highest environmental and social standards worldwide,\u201d[xi]<\/sup><\/a> EU institutions like to assure citizens that its mining legislation is the most advanced in the world. This is false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tailing dams illegal in Brazil, Chile, China, Ecuador or Peru are being advanced as \u2018best available techniques\u2019 in Spain and Portugal.[xii]<\/sup><\/a> For example, the Touro copper proposal in Spain plans an 81-meter-high dam just 200 meters upstream from the village of Arinteiro. While Brazil and Ecuador prohibit tailing dams less than 10 km upstream from potentially affected communities and China prohibits them at a distance of less than 1 km, EU legislation imposes no restrictions. In Spain, 99% of tailings dams are built following upstream design,[xiii]<\/sup><\/a> the most dangerous construction method \u2013 banned in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador or Peru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Industry-driven negligence combined with policy makers’ misjudgement of mining operations leads to obsolete regulations and a reluctance to implement \u2018Best Available Technologies\u2019 (BAT). This is extremely dangerous. This even more so as new \u2018low-cost\u2019 mining projects seek to develop large mines with lower ore grades to mine conventional metal (e.g. copper) as well as minerals such as lithium. They will create waste facilities of unseen dimensions that in return come with significant risks. Mining lower ore grades doubled the last decade, while costs and quantities of mining waste increased exponentially.[xiv]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Europe has seen too many major mine accidents.[xv]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cNever again,\u201d said Margot Wallstr\u00f6m, the EU Commissioner after the Baia Mare tailing dam failure. Yet the sheer scope and pace of new mines, plus the untested nature of the accelerated permitting regime can only lead to accidents.<\/strong> For example, the recently approved extension of the Rio Tinto tailings dam in western Andalucia, Spain, allows the storage of over 360 million tons of highly toxic sludge. In comparison, the 1998 Aznalc\u00f3llar disaster involved the release of \u2018only\u2019 6 million tons. We refuse to accept a law that we know will give rise to more accidents with incalculable consequences in terms of human lives and environmental damage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n We can\u2019t mine our way out of a perpetual growth syndrome<\/em><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n European policymakers have bought into the delusion that more mining will mitigate ecological and climate catastrophe. Europe\u2019s target is to mine in the next 30 years as much copper as has been mined in the past 7,000 years.[xvi]<\/sup><\/strong><\/sup><\/a><\/strong> It is to completely deplete known global reserves for nickel, cobalt, lithium and other minerals (under the premise that reserves will continue to expand indefinitely via deep-sea and space mining). Scientific consensus against deep sea mining has also shown the irreversible damage to ecosystems, potential toxic releases, biodiversity loss, and the unknown consequences on ocean health.[xvii]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yet, as ore grades dwindle[xviii]<\/sup><\/a> (for example, average grades in copper mines has gone from 1.8% in 1930 to 0.5% today), newly proposed mines create greater environmental impacts[xix]<\/sup><\/a>, larger volumes of waste, larger energy demand and rising emissions, under the constraints of minimum low-cost safety standards. That is the opposite of \u2018green.\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n To meet Europe\u2019s target, its mineral demand forecasts are enormous: For solar and wind technologies demand for lithium, dysprosium, cobalt, and neodymium are to be up to 600% in 2030 and up to 1500% in 2050 from 2018 levels. Batteries for electric vehicles and renewables will drive 2030 demand for lithium up by 1800% and cobalt by 500%, and drive 2050 demand up by almost 6000% and 1500%, respectively.[xx]<\/sup><\/a> These numbers do not take into account so-called \u2018smart technologies,\u00b4other individualized electric mobility devices (e.g. scooters, bikes, etc.), energy infrastructure (transformers, HVPLs, etc.) and, in the end, relies on significant data gaps.[xxi]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n According to Simon P. Michaux, of the Finnish Geological Survey (GTK) \u201ca case can be made that not only is current mineral production not high enough to supply the projected quantity demand for metals, but current global reserves are not large enough to meet long term consumption targets.\u201d[xxii]<\/sup><\/a> All this happens alongside new additions of low-carbon energy sources which are being built alongside already existing fossil fuel and nuclear energy sources on the European energy grid. European environmental policy, moreover, is furthering energy market privatization and entrenching the existing trajectory of uncontrollable energy consumption.[xxiii]<\/sup><\/a>European environmental and climate policy is deeply flawed and leading to worsening ecological conditions. We need legal reforms based on energy and material reduction, not a law that feeds into the hands of the mining lobby. <\/p>\n\n\n\n EU treaties require that all EU decisions are taken as openly and as closely to the citizens as possible. The CRMA was intended “to collect evidence and views from a broad range of stakeholders and citizens.” But given that it was rushed through at great speed by DG GROW, the documents put to public consultation were only available in French, German, and English languages, excluding significant segments of Europe\u2019s population.[xxiv]<\/sup><\/a> This is a violation of our right to access to information and to participate in decision making in environmental matters enshrined by the Aarhus Convention to which the European Union is a signatory. We will take all legal steps to ensure redress because with the CRMA, EU institutions have again put the cart before the horse.[xxv]<\/sup><\/a> We refuse another law that wants short term profit to the detriment of people and the planet. It is for all these legal and ethical violations that<\/strong> we request the withdrawal of the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n We look forward to reading your reply and remain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yours sincerely,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Grupo de Geopol\u00edtica y Bienes Comunes, Buenos Aires, Argentina<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cEcoLur\u201d Informational NGO, Yerevan, Armenia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Armenian Environmental Front<\/p>\n\n\n\n Right Side Human Rights Defender NGO, Yerevan Armenia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Attac Austria, Austria<\/p>\n\n\n\n Degrowth Vienna, Austria<\/p>\n\n\n\n CATAPA vzw, Ghent, Belgium<\/p>\n\n\n\n Center for Civil Society Promotion\/ Centar za promociju civilnog dru\u0161tva, Bosnia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eko BiH network, BiH<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eko Forum Zenica, Bosnia <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekolo\u0161ko udru\u017eenje \u201cOZRENSKI STUDENAC\u201d So\u010dkovac<\/p>\n\n\n\n Centar za \u017eivotnu sredinu\/Center for Environment, Bosnia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Udru\u017eenje \u201cCentar za mirovno obrazovanje\u201d \/ Center for Peace Education, Bosnia <\/p>\n\n\n\n Green Team, Bosnia <\/p>\n\n\n\n NGG Park Prirode Trstionica i Boriva, Kakanj, Bosnia <\/p>\n\n\n\n Udru\u017eenje gra\u0111ana Fojni\u010dani Maglaj, Bosnia <\/p>\n\n\n\n Foundation Atelier for Community Transformation – ACT\/ Fondacija Atelje za dru\u0161tvene promjene – ACT, Bosnia <\/p>\n\n\n\n NGG \u201cStop izgradnji MHE na Kasindolskoj rijeci\u201d Bosnia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Observatorio Plurinacional de Salares Andinos<\/a>, Chile<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fundaci\u00f3n Tant\u00ed, Chile<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fundaci\u00f3n Chile Sin Ecocidio, Chile<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fundaci\u00f3n Protege Los Molles, Chile<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tasaarengu Eesti Organisatsioon, Estonia<\/p>\n\n\n\n WeMove Europe, Europe<\/p>\n\n\n\n GEN Europe, Europe<\/p>\n\n\n\n Saimaa ilman kaivoksia ry, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ei kaivoksia Suomen k\u00e4sivarteen ry, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ei kaivosta Pyh\u00e4-Luostolle, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kansalaisten kaivosvaltuuskunta – MiningWatch Finland ry, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaivoskriittinen kansanliike, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sokli er\u00e4maana ry, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sompion Luonnonyst\u00e4v\u00e4t ry (The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation – local association for Savukoski-Sodankyl\u00e4 areas), Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ylitornion – Pellon Luonto ry (local group of The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation), Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vuoh\u010du S\u00e1miid Searvi rs, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Osikonm\u00e4en kyl\u00e4yhdistys ry, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kolkontaipaleen kyl\u00e4yhdistys ry, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Global Extractivisms and Alternatives Initiative (EXALT), Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00e1mi B\u00e1lgosat rs (Association of Saami Reindeer Herding Co-operatives), Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rajat Lapin Kaivoksille ry (Limits to Mines in Lapland Registered Association), Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ass. Risteco – La Ville qui Mange, France<\/p>\n\n\n\n Association of Ethical Shareholders Germany<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hellenic Mining Watch, Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n Observatorio de Industrias Extractivas (OIEGT), Guatemala<\/p>\n\n\n\n aHang Platform, Hungary<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e9degylet Egyes\u00fclet\/Protect the Future Association, Hungary<\/p>\n\n\n\n Clean Air Action Group, Hungary<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6kot\u00e1rs-Hungarian Environmental Partnership Foundation, Hungary<\/p>\n\n\n\n International University College of Turin, Italy<\/p>\n\n\n\n Justice Peace and Integrity of Creation Commission Union of Superiors General and International Union of Superiors General, Italy Centro de Ecologia, Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Vigil\u00e2ncia de Animais Selvagens (CERVAS) \/ Associa\u00e7\u00e3o ALDEIA, Central Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Movimento Seixoso-Vieiros: L\u00edtio N\u00e3o, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n UDCB – Unidos em Defesa de Covas do Barroso, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Espa\u00e7o A SACHOLA – Covas do Barroso, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rede Minas N\u00e3o, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Extinction Rebellion Guimar\u00e3es, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chaves Comunit\u00e1ria, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Territorial (GIT), Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Povo e Natureza do Barroso – PNB, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n AVE – Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Vimaranense para a Ecologia, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Movimento SOS Serra d’Arga, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Movimento Contra Minera\u00e7\u00e3o Penalva do Castelo, Mangualde e Sat\u00e3o, Central Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rede para o Decrescimento em Portugal, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n SOS – Serra da Cabreira, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n IRIS, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Ambiente, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sciaena – Oceano # Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o # Sensibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Movimento N\u00e3o \u00e0s Minas – Montalegre, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Movimento ContraMinera\u00e7\u00e3o Beira Serra, Central Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Movimento Amarante diz n\u00e3o \u00e0 explora\u00e7\u00e3o de l\u00edtio Seixoso-Vieiros, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n FAPAS – Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa para a Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Biodiversidade, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Grupo pela Preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Serra da Argemela (GPSA), Centro Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n URZE – Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Florestal da Encosta da Serra da Estrela, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bravo Mundo – Citizens Movement for a Safer Future, Central Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nao as Minas Beiras – Citizens Movement, Central Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n MiningWatch Portugal, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asocia\u021bia pentru protejarea Mun\u021bilor Apuseni-Rovina, Vest Region, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Independent Centre for the Development of Environmental Resources, Vest Region, Romania<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ecou Rovina Bucure\u0219ci, Bucure\u0219ti – Ilfov Region, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mining Watch Romania, Romania<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ro\u0219ia Montan\u0103 Community, Centru Region, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u0103rture\u0219ti Foundation, Bucharest, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Street Delivery, Romania<\/p>\n\n\n\n Comunitatea Declic, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asociatia turistica sportiva civica si ecologista \u201cClubul de Cicloturism NAPOCA\u201d (CCN) \u2013 Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asocia\u021bia HaicuBicla, Bucure\u0219ti, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Acci\u00f3n Oc\u00e9anos, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alconchel sin Minas, Extremadura, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Amigos de la Tierra, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asociaci\u00f3n Alarma Terra de Montes, Galicia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asociaci\u00f3n Cultural Valle el Saltador, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asociaci\u00f3n de Defensa Ambiental Salvemos Cabana, Galicia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Asociaci\u00f3n Tralapena, Galicia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Campi\u00f1a Sur sin Megaminas, Extremadura, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ecologistas en Acci\u00f3n, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Montescola, Galicia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n No a la mina de Gilico, Murcia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n No a la mina en la Sierra de Yemas, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Bierzo Aire Limpio, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma C\u00edvica Alcalaboza Viva, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Comarca de Olivenza sin Minas, Extremadura, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma en Defensa da R\u00eda de Muros e Noia – PLADEMAR, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Mina Touro – O Pino Non, Galicia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma de afectados por la miner\u00eda de Teruel, Arag\u00f3n, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma de Afectados por Metales Pesados de la Sierra Minera, Murcia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma de afectados por las explotaciones mineras de Pe\u00f1a Zafra, Balonga y Quibas, Murcia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma No a la Mina de Ca\u00f1averal, Extremadura, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma No a la Mina en el Valle del Corneja, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Oro No, Principado de Asturias, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma para la defensa del Valle de Lucainena, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Rural Sostenible, Castilla y Le\u00f3n, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Salvemos Esparteros, Andaluc\u00eda, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Salvemos la Monta\u00f1a de C\u00e1ceres, Extremadura, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma Salvemos las Villuercas, C\u00e1ceres, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Plataforma S\u00ed a la Tierra Viva, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sierra de Gata Viva, C\u00e1ceres, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sindicato Labrego Galego, Galicia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n SOS Su\u00eddo-Seixo, Galicia, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mar\u0161 sa Drine, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Udru\u017eenje za za\u0161titu \u017eivotne sredine (AEP), Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mlavska vojska, Petrovac na Mlavi, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010cuvari Homolja, \u017dagubica, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokret Odbranimo \u0161ume Fru\u0161ke gore, Fru\u0161ka Gora, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Udru\u017eenje za za\u0161titu \u0161uma, Novi Sad, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ne dam, Ne dau, Majdanpek, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Borani se pitaju, Bor, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Extinction rebellion Srbija, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kreni-Promeni, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n PRVI PRVI NA SKALI, Kragujevac, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Earth Thrive Serbia\/UK<\/p>\n\n\n\n Polekol, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bravo! Novi Sad, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kremnica nad zlato, Kremnica beyond gold, Slovakia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ur\u00e1n Ko\u0161ice STOP, Slovakia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dru\u0161tvo Son\u010dni gri\u010d, Slovenia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Skiftet, Sweden<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kazdagi Association for The Protection of Natural and Cultural Assets, T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n\n\n\n Climate Justice Coalition, T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kazma Birak Campaign Coordination Committee, T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n\n\n\n En Ecocide, T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ukrainian Nature Conservation Group, Ukraine<\/p>\n\n\n\n Free Svydovets, Ukraine<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Corner House, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fuel Poverty Action, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Socal Friends the World Social Forum, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Urgent Action Fund for Feminist Activism, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Bram B\u00fcscher, Wageningen University, Netherlands<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. dr Biljana Stojkovi\u0107, Faculty of Biology, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. dr Ljiljana Tomovi\u0107, Faculty of Biology,, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Dr. Bogdan \u0160olaja, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Dr. Branimir Grgur, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy University of Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Mastruzzo, International University College of Turin, Italy<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Dr. Lidija Djokic, University of Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Dr. Miomir Kostic, University of Belgrade, Serbia (retired)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Dr. Ratko Risti\u0107, University of Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Filipe Calv\u00e3o, Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Giuseppe Mastruzzo, International University College of Torino, It\u00e1lia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Maja van der Velden, University of Oslo, Norway<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Markus Kr\u00f6ger, University of Helsinki, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Maya van der Velden,Universidade de Oslo, Norway<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Ugo Mattei, University of Turin, Italy<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Zoran Radovanovi\u0107, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia (retired)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Christopher Chase-Dunn, Distinguished Professor of the Graduate Division, University of California-Riverside, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Magdalena Taube, Macromedia University Berlin; co-founder, Berliner Gazette, Germany<\/p>\n\n\n\n Prof. Ana Vit\u00f3ria Alkmim, Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA), Lisbon, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. (Agr. For. Sci.) Helvi Heinonen-Tanski, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Adrian Lahoud, Royal College of Art, London, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Al Gedicks, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Alevgul H. Sorman, Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Alexander Dunlap, Boston University, USA & University of Helsinki, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Alison Laurie Neilson, Interdisciplinary Centre for Social Sciences, NOVA University, Lisbon, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Astrid Ulloa, Universidad Nacional de Colombia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Carlos Tornel, Independent Scholar, M\u00e9xico<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Claudio Cattaneo, Masaryk University, Brno<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Diego Andreucci, University of Barcelona, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Dragana \u0110or\u0111evi\u0107, ICT Metallurgy -, University of Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Dra\u017een B. Zimonji\u0107, Member, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Ecehan Balta, Independent Researcher, Turkey<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Elliot Honeybun-Arnolda, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Eric Bettis, Wayne State University, United States<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Filip Alexandrescu, Research Institute for Quality of Life, Romania<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Filka Sekulova, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Gabriel Girigan, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Godofredo Pereira, Royal College of Art, London, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Gustavo Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez, Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Hanne Cottyn, Ghent University, Belgium<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Hannu L. Suominen, Marine Microbiologist, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Hans Eickhoff, Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences (CICS.NOVA), Lisbon, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Ioana Bunescu, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, Romania<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Irina Velicu, Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Jari Natunen, PhD Biochemistry, chair of MiningWatch Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Jean Leon Boucher, Senior Researcher, The James Hutton Institute, Scotland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Jo\u00e1m Evans, \u00c5bo Akademi University, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Jonas Van Vossole, Ecology and Society Lab, Center for Social Studies, Coimbra University, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Jonathan Kishen Gamu, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Ksenija Hanacek, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain & University of Helsinki, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Louise Guibrunet, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Maarit Laihonen, University of Eastern Finland, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Marcin Zar\u00f3d, SWPS University Warsaw, Poland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Maria Elena Indelicato, Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Mariana Walter, UAB, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Marianne Juntunen, PhD Biochemistry, MSc Tech, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Mark Levene, Emeritus fellow, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Marta Conde, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Mike Hannis, Bath Spa University, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Nenad M. Kosti\u0107, retired professor at Iowa State University & TAMUC-Commerce, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Paul Hodge, University of Newcastle, Australia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Paula Sequeiros, Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Renata Pacheco, University of Lisbon, Portugal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Roberto Cantoni, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Sheila Holz, Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Silvia Maeso, Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Stefania Barca, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Steven H. Emerman, Malach Consulting, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Susanna Myllyl\u00e4, Associate Professor, University of Eastern Finland, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Susanne Hofmann, Visiting Fellow, London School of Economics, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Tarja Richard, Director for Managing Authority, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Valer Simion Cosma, \u201dLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, Rom\u00e2nia<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Laura Calvet Mir, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Beyza \u00dcst\u00fcn, Turkey<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Will Lock, University of Sussex, United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Johannes M. Waldm\u00fcller, University of Vienna and Climate Change Advisor, Brot f\u00fcr die Welt\/Diakonie Austria<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr. Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Vallet Garc\u00eda, Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Alessandro Morosin, Assistant Professor of Sociology & Criminology, University of La Verne California, USA<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dr Svjetlana Nedimovi\u0107, editor, Rije\u010d i djelo<\/em><\/a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina<\/p>\n\n\n\n Laura Calvet-Mir, PhD, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Spain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Irina Castro, Centre for Social Studies, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Josephine Becker, Researcher, Universidade de Vigo, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u2019cenza Cirefice, PhD researcher, Geography Department, University of Galway, Ireland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Krystian Woznicki, author, editor, co-founder, Berliner Gazette, Germany<\/p>\n\n\n\n Joana Sousa, PhD, researcher, Centre for Social Studies, Univ Coimbra, Portugal <\/p>\n\n\n\n Joao Prates Ruivo, Associate Lecturer in Environmental Architecture, Royal College of Art, UK<\/p>\n\n\n\n Isabel Ferreira, PhD, researcher, Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal <\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00facia Fernandes, PhD, researcher, Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, \u00ab\u00abPortugal <\/p>\n\n\n\n Antonio del Giudice, Associate Lecturer, School of Architecture, Royal College of Art, UK<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pablo Dominguez, Senior Researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n PD Dr. Heike H\u00fcbener, University Gie\u00dfen, Germany<\/p>\n\n\n\n Professor John Barry, Queen\u2019s University Belfast<\/p>\n\n\n\n Professor Vesa Puuronen, University of Oulu, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Andr\u00e9 Pereira, PhD candidate, University of Lisbon, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Caroline Seagle, PhD Candidate, Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ciar\u00e1n \u00d3 Briain, Independent Scholar \/ PhD Candidate, Ireland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cristiano Pereira, PhD Candidate, ISCTE-IUL, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Elena G\u00e1lvez, PhD Candidate, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ernesto Deus, PhD.,Centre for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Federico Demaria, Associate Professor in ecological economics, University of Barcelona, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Guilherme Castelbranco de Guimar\u00e3es Ser\u00f4dio, ISCTE-IUL, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Helena Sabino Antunes, PhD Candidate, Universidade de Salamanca, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hestia Delibas, PhD candidate, Center for Social Studies, University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130lksen Dincer Bas, End Ecocide T\u00fcrkiye, T\u00fcrkiye<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ioana Savin, postdoc researcher, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jesse Segura, PhD candidate, University Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain<\/p>\n\n\n\n Joana S\u00e1 Couto, PhD Candidate, University of Lisbon, Portugal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaya Schwemmlein, PhD candidate, University of Lisbon, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Line Algoed, PhD Researcher, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium<\/p>\n\n\n\n M.Sc. Geotechnical Engineer, Peter W. Brandt, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Maria Jo\u00e3o Horta Parreira, CICS.NOVA, FCSH-NOVA, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mariana Riquito, PhD Candidate in Social Studies, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands<\/p>\n\n\n\n Michiel K\u00f6hne, Wageningen University, Netherlands<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mikul\u00e1\u0161 \u010cern\u00edk, PhD candidate, Department of Environmental Studies, Masaryk University, Cz Rep<\/p>\n\n\n\n MSc Chemical Engineering, Leif Ramm-Schmidt, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Niina Helist\u00f6, Surveyor, former mine supervisor, founder of Rajat Lapin kaivoksille ry, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pedro Fidalgo, PhD Candidate, Centre for Social Studies University of Coimbra, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ram\u00f3n Balc\u00e1zar Morales, PhD Candidate in Rural Development, UAM Mexico<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rodolfo Pezzi, PhD candidate, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ruta \u015apiewak, Assistant Professor, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tiago Patatas, PhD Candidate in Architecture Research, Royal College of Art, United Kingdo<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vera Ferreira, PhD Candidate, University of Lisbon, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n Constantina Theodorou, architect- PhD candidate NTUA, Greece<\/p>\n\n\n\n Giorgio Pirina, researcher, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Italy<\/p>\n\n\n\n Giada Coleandro, PhD candidate, University of Bologna<\/p>\n\n\n\n Luca Onesti, PHD candidate, University of Lisbon, Portugal <\/p>\n\n\n\n Rub\u00e9n Vezzoni, Doctoral Reseacher, University of Helsinki, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n Christina Pinell, M.Sc. (Tech), Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ENDNOTES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n [i]<\/sup><\/a> Information supplied by DG GROW 09-11-2023. Already in a 2020 complaint statement on the Horizon 2020 project MIREU, the signatory \u201cN\u00e3o \u00e0s Minas Montalegre\u201d from Portugal had informed Commission\u2019s DG GROW on the questionable business practices of Lusorecursos. With the recent corruption scandal in Portugal, the company was, including their facilitators Iberian Sustainable Mining Cluster (ISMC) and Cluster Portugal Mineral Resources (ACPMR), excluded from the Horizon Europe funding application \u201cLi4Life\u201d. Despite the Portuguese Public Prosecutors search warrant equally targeting the directors of the mining authority DGEG on the grounds of \u201cillegitimate benefits\u201d for the involved companies, the Commission upholds its participation in the RMW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [ii]<\/sup><\/a> Examples include the 2018 Borba tragedy in Portugal, with 5 casualties, the arrest of public officials in connection to the Orivesi mine owned by Dragon Mining in Finland, or the ongoing prosecution of 16 mining officials in connection with the reopening of the Aznalc\u00f3llar mine in Spain. In Spain alone, the Iberian Mining Observatory<\/em> (www.minob.org) has documented more than 30 cases of corruption and administrative misconduct connected to mines while the European Commission itself is facing an ongoing investigation by the European Ombudsman on the use of Horizon funds in the illegal operation of the San Finx mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [iii]<\/sup><\/a> EEB https:\/\/eeb.org\/critical-raw-materials-regulation-vote\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [iv]<\/sup><\/a> Contrary to Norway, Germany, Spain, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and Denmark, no host member state has so far ratified the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO 169). As part of the letter\u2019s signatories the S\u00e1mi stress: the loss of lands impact reindeer herding, local economy, S\u00e1mi culture, health, and well-being. S\u00e1mi traditions and culture will vanish if reindeer herding disappears. The European project steered by the Commission must recognize and protect the rights of the indigenous S\u00e1mi people to their lands that they have traditionally owned, occupied, and used, including those to which they have had access for their subsistence and traditional activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [v]<\/sup><\/a> European Commission\u2019s 3rd EU Raw Materials Scoreboard<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n [vi]<\/sup><\/a> AGEMERA, BIORECOVER, CROCODILE, ENICON, EXCEED, GREENPEG, illuMINEation, INFACT, ION4RAW, ISAAC, MADITRACE, MIREU, NEMO, NEXT, PACIFIC, RAWMINA, RIA CICERO, S34I, SecREEts, SEMACRET, SOLCRIMET, SUMEX, TARANTULA, VAMOS, VECTOR; references at https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1BKz2hMNSg1gwApu5D27u0Inv0mbE-yhWGMPphG3eyVc\/edit?usp=sharing<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [vii]<\/sup><\/a> Of the 25 research consortia in question, 15 have, backed by the Commission\u2019s managing agencies ERC-EA, EASME, and HaDEA, refused to make their Grant Agreements, and parts on how they intend to shape the public\u2019s perception, available to interested civil society actors, invoking \u201ccommercial secrets” and \u201cintellectual property\u201d that allegedly outweigh the public’s interest (AGEMERA, BIORECOVER, EXCEED, GREENPEG, illuMINEation, MIREU, NEMO, NEXT, RAWMINA, SecREEts SEMACRET, SOLCRIMET, SUMEX, TARANTULA,VECTOR). \/\/ EASME Head of Raw Materials Sector Marcin Sadowski at the \u201cSocial Acceptance in the Raw Material Sector\u201d workshop 2018: \u201cprojects funded under Horizon 2020 are expected to address […] impacting public awareness and acceptance and trust in mining operation.\u201d \/\/ HaDEA project advisor V\u00e9ronique Woul\u00e9 Ebongu\u00e9 at Raw Materials Week 2019: “actions responding to 2018-2020 calls are requested to […] improve public awareness, acceptance and trust’.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n [viii]<\/sup><\/a> For the Horizon Europe project VECTOR allegations including negligence of, are: local ethics evaluation, research, and good participatory practice with feedback given in the project\u2019s host countries (Germany, Serbia, Ireland), as recommended by the mitigation requirements of the Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings<\/em> (see \u00a71, \u00a72, \u00a73, \u00a74, \u00a78, \u00a79, \u00a710). At least in Serbia, \u00a721 was violated through a VECTOR member not disclosing the intent and scope of contacts made with local communities. The use of machine learning to identify favorable areas for extractive activities in Europe and the non-involvement of human rights experts and independent advisors may be in violation of the Guidance note on Potential misuse of research<\/em>, as VECTOR\u2019s activities involve minority and vulnerable groups and it develops social and behavioral profiling technologies that could be misused to stigmatize, discriminate against, harass or intimidate people. Last but not least, all 4 members of the VECTOR\u2019s ethics management and advisory board are not free from conflict of interest in informing an interdisciplinary raw materials project on public acceptance and mining conflicts: At least two advisors have or still serve as corporate defenders in various high-profile fraud, bribery and corruption cases, e.g. for Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation (Kazakhstan, Africa), Rio Tinto (Simandou mine, Guinea), Alstom (Tunisia), and Atalaya Mining Plc (Spain). On one advisor’s own report and, apart from a work history with the VECTOR partner and mining consultancy Satarla Ltd, he was, in the early 2000s, “buying dynamite from a corner shop [in Potosi, Bolivia] to hand it as a present to artisanal silver miners”. 3rd advisor \u201coffers to assist companies earn and retain […] approval from the communities\u201d through his own advisory firm, having published on “Earning the Social License” for the Dingleton resettlement project (co-authorship with a Anglo American employee), a socio-environmental conflict around the South African Sishen opencast mine, owned by Kumba Iron Ore. The 4th member, long-term servant of the French military forces, including during the French counter-insurgency operations Serval and Barkhane in Mali, publishes on conflict mitigation and resolution operations, including how the armed conflict outcomes and use of technology in modern warfare can “be employed in other missions … such as pacification operations”, e.g. French Yellow Vests Protests. Sources available, please contact mineria@ecologistasenaccion.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [ix]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/euobserver.com\/green-economy\/157619<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [x]<\/sup><\/a> These programs include INFACT, NEMO, RAWMINA, INTMET and BioMOre, many of which carry a \u201csocial license\u201d component.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xi]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/doceo\/document\/TA-9-2021-0468_EN.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [xii]<\/sup><\/a> For example, the Touro copper proposal in Spain plans an 81-meter-high dam just 200 meters upstream from the village of Arinteiro. While Brazil and Ecuador prohibit tailing dams less than 10 km upstream from potentially affected communities and China prohibits them at a distance of less than 1 km, EU legislation imposes no restrictions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xiii]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/cmsdata\/243324\/Hearing%2002.12.2021%20testimony%20Emerman.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [xiv]<\/sup><\/a> The signatories consider mining waste, the extractive waste directive and related BAT norms as insufficient. Pressure due to fast-tracked permitting, and the reversal of evidence in favor of corporate misconduct in European regulations, including the CRMA, is worsening socioecological conditions in Europe and beyond. <\/p>\n\n\n\n [xv]<\/sup><\/a> Certej 1971; Aznalc\u00f3llar, 1998; Baia Mare and Baia Bor\u015fa, 2000; Aitik, 2000; Sasa, 2003; Malv\u00e9si, 2004; Ajka, 2010; Talvivaara, 2012; Kostajnik, 2014; Kittil\u00e4\/Suurikuusikko, 2015; Cobre Las Cruces, 2019; Kevitsa, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xvi]<\/sup><\/a> Pitron, G.; P\u00e9rez, J.-L. (2019). Le vert n\u2019est pas vert! [film]. Paris: Arte France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xvii]<\/sup><\/a> European Academies\u2019 Science Advisory Council (EASAC), 2023. statement \u201cDeep-Sea Mining: assessing evidence on future needs and environmental impacts\u201d. https:\/\/easac.eu\/publications\/details\/deep-sea-mining-assessing-evidence-on-future-needs-and-environmental-impacts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [xviii]<\/sup><\/a> \u201cToday, depending on the metal concerned, about three times as much material needs to be moved for the same ore extraction as a century ago, with concomitant increases in land disruption, groundwater implications and energy use\u201d. International Resource Panel (2011). Decoupling natural resource use and environmental impacts from economic growth. Nairobi: UNEP. At: https:\/\/www.ourenergypolicy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/07\/decoupling.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [xix]<\/sup><\/a> In Romania, the proposed Rovina mine has 0.16% copper and it would be the second largest in Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xx]<\/sup><\/a> Bolger, Meadhbh, Diego Marin, Adrien Tofighi-Niaki, and Louelle Seelmann. \u201c\u2018Green Mining\u2019 Is a Myth: The Case for Cutting EU Resource Consumption.\u201d Brussels,: European Environmental Bureau Friends of the Earth Europe, 2021, p.14. https:\/\/friendsoftheearth.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Methodology-considerations-Annex-to-green-mining-is-a-myth.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxi]<\/sup><\/a> Dunlap, Alexander. \u201cThe Green Economy as Counterinsurgency, or the Ontological Foundations for Permanent Ecological Catastrophe.\u201d Environmental Policy and Science<\/em>, 2023, 39\u201350.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxii]<\/sup><\/a> Michaux, Simon P. \u201cThe Mining of Minerals and the Limits to Growth.\u201d Geological Survey of Finland: Espoo, Finland<\/em>, 2021, 1\u201372.; partially exposed by Simon Michaux to DG GROW on November 18th 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxiii]<\/sup><\/a> Dunlap, Alexander. \u201cSpreading \u2018Green\u2019 Infrastructural Harm: Mapping Conflicts and Socioecological Disruptions within the European Union\u2019s Transnational Energy Grid.\u201d Globalizations<\/em> 20, no. 6 (2023): 907\u201331, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14747731.2021.1996518.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxiv]<\/sup><\/a> Objection submitted to the Commission\u2019s DG GROW on 22nd November 2022 by MiningWatch Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n [xxv]<\/sup><\/a> 10 years of EU\u2019s failed biofuels policy has wiped out forests the size of the Netherlands – study – Transport & Environment (transportenvironment.org)<\/a> https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/discover\/10-years-of-eus-failed-biofuels-policy-has-wiped-out-forests-the-size-of-the-netherlands-study\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" To the President of the European Parliament & Members of the ITRE Committee To Teresa Ribera Spanish minister for the ecological transition and the demographic challenge & Permanent Representatives of the member States of the Council of Europe To the President of the European Commission & the College of Commissioners via email Dear President Metsola […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,66],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1567","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-open-letters","8":"category-press-en"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1567"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2270,"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1567\/revisions\/2270"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1567"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1567"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/marssadrine.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Cultural Amigos da Serra da Estrela – ASE, Central Region, Portugal
Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Montalegre Com Vida, North Region, Portugal<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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